Gun Laws in Portugal 2026 — How to Get a Firearm License (LUPA)
Editor
Portugal has one of the strictest firearm legislations in Europe, reflecting the country's commitment to public safety and responsible firearm use. The Licença de Uso e Porte de Armas (LUPA) is an essential document for any citizen wishing to acquire, own, or use firearms—whether for hunting, sport shooting, personal defense, or other legally approved purposes.
Anyone meeting the legal requirements listed below can apply for a firearm license to own hunting firearms (Categories C and D).
Ready to practice? Try our free LUPA Exam Simulator — practice with real exam questions and track your progress.
Classification of Firearms, Ammunition, and Other Accessories
Firearms and ammunition in Portugal are categorized into Classes A, B, B1, C, D, E, F, and G based on their potential danger, intended use, and application.
Class A
Reserved for military equipment and highly dangerous weapons. These cannot be sold, owned, or transferred. Examples include:
Military-grade weapons.
Fully automatic firearms.
Concealed weapons disguised as everyday objects.
Prohibited knives (e.g., switchblades, throwing knives).
Shotguns with barrels shorter than 46 cm.
Non-approved silencers with noise reductions above 50 dB.
Class B
Includes short semi-automatic or repeating firearms such as pistols and revolvers.
Class B1
Designed for personal defense, covering specific calibers like .25 ACP pistols and .32 caliber revolvers.
Class C
For big-game hunting, especially rifles with barrels shorter than 60 cm.
Class D
For small and big game hunting, including most shotguns as well as rifles with barrels longer than 60 cm.
Class E
Non-lethal defensive weapons, such as pepper sprays and stun guns up to 200,000 volts.
Class F
Includes martial arts weapons and historical replicas for reenactments or collections.
Class G
A general category for items such as veterinary weapons, signaling guns, airguns, and deactivated firearms.
Types of Firearm Licenses in Portugal
In Portugal, firearm licenses are categorized based on their intended use. A license may cover multiple firearm categories:
License B
Generally reserved for law enforcement or individuals with at least four years of experience using Class B firearms. Allows possession of up to four firearms from Classes B and B1.
License B1
Exceptional and challenging to obtain. Requires proof of professional or personal necessity for personal defense. Limited to two firearms and includes access to Class E weapons.
License C
For hunting, covering rifles, shotguns, and some pistols from Classes C, D, and E. Allows possession of up to 25 firearms.
License D
Also for hunting, available to individuals as young as 16 with parental consent. Covers shotguns and non-lethal weapons under Class E.
License E
Specifically for non-lethal defense weapons, included in hunting licenses.
License F
For martial arts practitioners, historical reenactors, and collectors of firearm replicas or edged weapons.
Eligibility Requirements for LUPA
To qualify for a firearm license in Portugal, you must meet the following criteria:
Be at least 18 years old (or 16 for hunting, with parental consent).
Have no relevant criminal record.
Demonstrate physical and psychological fitness for firearm use.
Possess a hunting permit or demonstrate equivalent need.
How to Obtain a Firearm License
Apply and attend course:
Submit your application to a district PSP (Polícia de Segurança Pública) office or an approved training entity.
Complete a Training Course:
The course includes several theoretical sessions (e.g., first aid, firearm identification, legislation, and safety rules).
Pass the Examination:
The exam consists of a 20-question multiple-choice test, a firearm and ammunition recognition test and a practical shooting test, focussed on safe handling, not precision.
Tips and Recommendations
Training
Hunting firearm practice is limited in Portugal. Consider joining a shooting club or traveling to countries like Poland or Switzerland, where regulations are more relaxed.
Equipment:
Always prioritize safety gear, including protective glasses and hats, during practical exams or shooting sessions.
Conclusion
Obtaining a Licença de Uso e Porte de Armas in Portugal is a structured process designed to ensure that only responsible and qualified individuals have access to firearms. By following the outlined steps and adhering to all regulations, you can enjoy the benefits of firearm ownership while maintaining safety as a top priority.For further questions, consult the PSP, approved training entities, or reach out through our contact page.